Tips for Evaluating the COA Like a Pro

All New Jersey cannabis products must include a COA to comply with state regulations. But all that information on the back label can seem intimidating if you don’t know where to look. Here’s a breakdown of the most important sections of a COA and what each part means:

1. Cannabinoid Profile

At its core, the cannabinoid profile tells you which cannabinoids are present in the product and at what concentrations. Look for these key components:

- THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol): This is the psychoactive compound that gets you high. On a COA, you’ll usually see “THC” broken into subcategories like:
- - - THCa (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid): THC in its raw, non-activated form.
    - Δ-9 THC: The main active compound responsible for the euphoric effects.
- CBD (Cannabidiol): A cannabinoid known for its therapeutic properties without the intoxicating effects.
- CBG, CBN, CBC, etc.: Minor cannabinoids that may have unique benefits. Keep an eye out for these if you’re looking for specific effects.

The percentages listed in this section represent how much of each compound is present. For example, if “Total THC” is listed at 20%, that means THC comprises 20% of the total weight of the product.

Pro Tip: Total potency is often calculated as THCa x 0.877 + Δ-9 THC. This accounts for the decarboxylation process when cannabis is heated.

2. Terpene Profile

Terpenes are aromatic compounds responsible for the scent and flavor of cannabis. They also play a significant role in shaping the cannabis experience, including potential therapeutic benefits. Common terpenes you might see on your COA include:

- Myrcene: Known for its sedative, relaxing effects.
- Limonene: Uplifting and citrusy, great for mood elevation.
- Linalool: Common in lavender, this terpene offers calming properties.
- Pinene: A pine-like aroma that may aid in focus and clarity.

Terpenes are often reported in milligrams per gram (mg/g), with some COAs listing percentages. A product with a noticeable terpene profile may be more flavorful and have distinct effects.

3. Contaminant Testing

Safety is non-negotiable, and this is where the COA proves its worth. Pay close attention to these sections to ensure your product is contaminant-free:

- Microbials: Tests for bacteria, mold, and yeast to ensure your cannabis is safe to consume.
- Heavy Metals: Verifies that levels of metals like arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium are within New Jersey’s safety limits.
- Pesticides: Screens for harmful chemicals sometimes used in cultivation.
- Residual Solvents (for extracts): Ensures that leftover chemicals from extraction processes are within safe limits, especially for products like oils or concentrates.

If you see “PASS” or “ND” (non-detectable) next to these tests, your product is good to go. Anything above acceptable limits will result in a “FAIL,” meaning the product should not have been sold

4. Moisture Content and Water Activity

Particularly relevant for flower products, this section ensures the cannabis has been properly dried and cured. Moisture levels that are too high can lead to mold growth, while overly dry cannabis might lose potency and flavor.

5. Batch and Lot Numbers

Each product’s COA will include a batch or lot number that ties it directly to the laboratory report. This ensures accountability and traceability. If there’s a product recall or issue, these numbers are invaluable for tracking.